Ingredients: L-lysine hydrochloride, capsule (HPMC - hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), maltodextrin, purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) herb extract with 3% polyphenols, willow (Salix babylonica) bark extract with 15% salicin, Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica) extract, bovine colostrum, green chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract, vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), lysozyme hydrochloride, rutin from Sophora japonica.
  

L-Lysine: Research has indicated that L-Lysine can play a role in boosting immunity, enhancing resistance to diseases, and exhibiting effective antiviral properties against herpes and acute respiratory infections.

Primary properties of Lysine:

• facilitates the synthesis of lymphocytes, aiding in the prevention of immunological ageing of the body
• inhibits the replication of viruses
• Lysine may exert anti-edema, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects

Echinacea Extract: Echinacea possesses antimicrobial properties.

Key benefits include:

• can help strengthen the body's defence mechanisms
• can help promote an increase in leukocyte count
• can help stimulate the production of interferon, a specific protein that guards cells against viruses
• can help reduce inflammation
• can help neutralize and eliminate free radicals from the body
• can help enhance the destruction of microorganisms by macrophages and the synthesis of protective antibodies

Willow bark extract: Due to the presence of the active ingredient salicin in willow bark, it may exhibit effects similar to acetylsalicylic acid.*

Primary beneficial properties:

• anti-inflammatory
• antipyretic
• antimalarial
• antiseptic
• antiviral
• analgesic
• wound healing
• hemostatic
• sedative
• spasmolytic

*Salicin, a phenolic glycoside, is abundantly present in willow bark (up to 7%) and serves as the primary agent for the therapeutic properties of willow bark preparations. It demonstrates antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, and diaphoretic effects.

The increased excretion of uric acid due to salicylates explains the therapeutic efficacy of willow bark in gout (Willfort, 1975).

Iceland moss extract: Iceland Cetraria, also known as Icelandic lichen, is a type of epigeous lichen found in pine forests. It thrives exclusively in environments with clean air conditions. The plant is rich in usninic acid, which exhibits potent antimicrobial activity and is utilized in antibiotic production.

Key beneficial properties:

• anti-inflammatory
• bactericidal
• hemostatic
• wound healing
• tonic
• general strengthening
• antioxidant

Colostrum: Colostrum contains blood serum, which is rich in immune cells such as antibodies, interferon, lactoferrin, along with nutritional components like proteins, fats, lactose, as well as macro- and microelements, and vitamins.

Key beneficial properties:

• colostrum immune factors (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) consist of specific antibodies capable of recognizing and eliminating viruses and bacteria
• natural growth factors, including transforming growth factor-alpha, positively impact metabolism and can aid in stimulating cell growth and regeneration, thereby promoting cell renewal, wound healing, and slowing down the ageing process
• transforming growth factor-beta helps in suppressing the immune response post-elimination of the pathogenic agent, thereby assisting in preventing autoimmune aggression
• lactoferrin and interferon, as immune regulators, exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties, along with anticancer, antiallergic effects, and radioprotective properties

Andrographis extract: Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant with a centuries-old history of use in Southeast Asia for treating infections, inflammations, and various painful conditions.

It contains compounds such as flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, diterpenoids, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan proteins, polyphenols, and potassium salts.

Key beneficial properties:

• can help prevent viruses from entering host cells and further replicating in the human body
• exhibits selective antibacterial action against intestinal diseases, suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria while preserving the normal beneficial microflora
• possesses general strengthening and immune-stimulating effects, aiding the body in recovering from illness faster and reducing the risk of complications
• demonstrates antioxidant properties
• can help reduce inflammatory manifestations in upper respiratory tract infections and has fever-reducing effects

Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid plays a vital role in the primary line of antioxidant defence, aiding in shielding lipid membranes and proteins from oxidative harm. Moreover, it serves as a crucial antioxidant for the central nervous system.

Primary beneficial properties:

• contributes to antiviral and antibacterial protection
• can assist in bolstering stress resistance
• essential for protein metabolism
• aids in reducing capillary permeability and bleeding

Lysozyme: Lysozyme is an enzyme crucial for the formation of nonspecific immune responses.

Primary beneficial properties:

• can aid in partially or completely destroying microbial cell membranes, thus activating the process of phagocytosis (the destruction of foreign elements by phagocytes)
• can help activate the production of interferon, which inhibits the reproduction of viruses
• assists in neutralising microbial toxins
• can help stimulate regenerative processes in tissues

Rutin: Rutin, also known as vitamin P or rutoside, is a flavonoid renowned for its antioxidant properties.

Primary beneficial properties:

• capable of shielding cells from oxidative stress and possesses anti-inflammatory properties
• demonstrates proven antibacterial activity
• exhibits antifungal activity
• contributes to pain alleviation
• aids in normalizing capillary walls, enhancing their elasticity and strength, eliminating vascular spasms, normalizing blood pressure, and improving microcirculation in organs
• promotes the normalization of adrenal cortex function

* The above information on the ingredients of the product is a result of studies. They are not an EFSA opinion.